Linguistics

The problem emphasized in this work is very relevant today. Unfortunately, process of simplification and distortion of the Russian language standards is inevitable and already irreversible, as similar changes meet the requirements of modern society, which is mobile and quickly transformed, depends on virtual reality. Rapid negative changes, which happen in Russian, force many scholars, researchers think that it is exhausted, loses the gloss, its depth.

Key words: loans, foreign-language words, language, development, contamination, transliteration.

The article offers a comparative analysis of the category of number in different structural languages: Russian and Kituba. It considers the place of these languages in the genealogical classification. The authors consider the purpose of this article to describe the same and different ways of expressing the category of numbers in the significant parts of speech in Old Russian and Russian, in Kikongo and Kituba, in modern Russian and Kituba.

The purpose of the article involved is to identify the research parameters for advertising discourse being considered as an ostensive-inferential type of communication. The object of the study is commercial, social and political advertising. The theory of speech acts, pragmalinguistic and functional interpretations of the language development are represented as actual and productive means.

The article discusses some problems of writing skills formation of students that do not study linguistics. The authors provide an overview of methodological research on this issue; describe the main methods and techniques aimed at the formation of the writing skills as part of speech activity. The problems of studying the technical term system are considered.

Key words: speech activity, scientific style of speech, language of specialty, term system, professional educational programmes.

The article describes the notion of a fairy tale, which is one of the most attractive from the perspective of defining cultural peculiarities and valuable aspects of a nation as fairy tales are considered to reflect the national specific features of a language world view and the peculiarities of cultural and historical development of a nation. The research is based on the analysis of the lexicon of the English folk fairy tales.

The article presents the results of the analysis of the glossaries to the Old English poem “Beowulf”. They are glossaries by B. Thorpe (1855), A. Wyatt (1894), J. Sedgefield (1910). R. Chambers (1914), F. Klaeber (1922). The purpose of the work is to observe the macrostructure of the dictionaries given above. The lexicographic analysis showed the main principles of proper names presentation in the given dictionaries. The main meaningful elements of Anglo-saxon culture on the basis of the names of a person were defined with the help of the statistical analysis.

The article considers an actual problem of adequate translation of German proverbs and sayings into Russian, taking proverbs and sayings about pets as an example. This material was taken from German textbooks for agricultural universities, dictionaries, and Internet resources. Analysis of these lexical units semantics in German language was carried out and possible difficulties in translating them into Russian were revealed.

The article summarizes the theoretical foundations, the process and the results of the linguocultural analysis of three semantic fields: ОРУЖИЕ in Russian, WEAPON in English and VŨ KHÍ in Vietnamese. Based on the use of the linguocultural method, the features of three semantic fields are emphasized, as well as the need to approach them in terms of verbal lexemes. As a result of the semantic analysis of “weapon” verbs, three sets of connotations correlated with three languages are obtained.

A study of homonymy conducted for more than ten years based on the English Pronouncing Dictionary (EPD, 1‑18 ed., 1917‑2012) and Longman Pronunciation Dictionary (LPD, 1‑3 ed., 1990‑2008), allowed us to establish the frequency of phonetic (and graphic) variants in various groups of homonyms (homographs, homophones, phonetic-graphic homonyms, homonymic proper names, homonymic abbreviations), to determine the general and specific approaches of D. Jones and J. Wells to the problems of registering pronunciation variants and variability, and in particular, the phenomenon of homonymy.

The article discusses the theoretical and practical problems associated with the lexicographic working out of idiomatic expressions in a special author’s dictionary, in particular, aspects concerning the principles of the phraseological units’ arrangement in the dictionary, idiom description parameters, the content and structure of a dictionaryentry, etc. Some methods to solve these problems are proposed. They were developed in the description of the phraseological lexicon of the native villager of Ivanovo region.